餐厅英语类 餐饮菜单英文译法（大全5篇）

第一篇：餐厅英语类 餐饮菜单英文译法

美联英语提供：餐饮菜单英文译法

分享一个免费试听课，名额有限，碰碰运气吧http://m.meten.com/test/xingzuo.html?tid=16-73675-0 凉菜(Cold Dishes)白菜心拌蜇头

Marinated Jelly Fish Head and Chinese Cabbage in Vinegar 白灵菇扣鸭掌

Mushroom with Duck Webs 拌豆腐丝

Shredded Dried Bean Curd 白切鸡

Plain Boiled Chicken 拌双耳

Black and White Fungus 棒棒鸡

Shredded Chicken in Chilli Sauce 冰梅凉瓜

Bitter Gourd in Plum Sauce 冰镇芥兰

Kale with Washabi 朝鲜辣白菜 Korean Cabbage

朝鲜泡菜 Korean Pickles 陈皮兔肉

Rabbit Meat with Tangerine Peel 川北凉粉

Bean Noodles in Chilli Sauce 刺身凉瓜

Bitter Gourd with Washabi 豆豉多春鱼

Fish with Black Bean Sauce 夫妻肺片

Sliced Beef and Ox Tongue in Chilli Sauce 干拌牛舌

Ox Tongue in Chilli Sauce 干拌顺风

Pig's Ear in Chilli Sauce 怪味牛腱 Spiced Beef 桂花糖藕

Sliced Lotus Root with Sweet Sauce 果茶山药

Chinese Yam with Nectar

红果山药

Chinese Yam and Hawthorn 红心鸭卷

Duck Meat Rolls with Egg Yolk 姜汁皮蛋

Preserved Egg in Ginger Sauce 酱香猪蹄

Pork Trotters in Soy Sauce 酱肘花 Sliced Pork 金豆芥兰

Marinated Kale with Yellow Bean 韭黄螺片

Slices Sea Whelk with Chives 老北京豆酱

Traditional Peking Bean Paste 老醋泡花生 Peanuts in Vinegar 凉拌金针菇

Mixed Golden Mushroom and Vegetable 凉拌西芹云耳

Celery with White Fungus

卤水大肠

Marinated Pork Intestine 卤水豆腐

Marinated Bean Curd 卤水鹅头

Marinated Goose Heads 卤水鹅翼

Marinated Goose Wings 卤水鹅掌

Marinated Goose Webs 卤水鹅胗

Marinated Goose Gizzard 卤水鸡蛋 Marinated Egg 卤水金钱肚

Marinated Pork Tripe 卤水牛腱

Marinated BeefShank 卤水牛舌

Marinated Ox Tongue 卤水拼盘

Marinated Meat Combination

卤水鸭肉

Marinated Duck Meat 卤水猪猁

Marinated Pig's Tongue 萝卜干毛豆

Dried Radish with Green Soybean 麻辣肚丝

Shredded Tripe in Chilli Sauce 美味牛筋 Beef Tendon 蜜汁叉烧 Barbecued Pork 明炉烧鸭 Roast Duck 泡菜什锦 Assorted Pickles 泡椒凤爪

Chicken Feet with Pickled Peppers 皮蛋豆腐

Bean Curd with Preserved Egg 青青菜苗 Turnip Sprout

乳猪拼盘

Barbecued Suckling Pig 珊瑚笋尖

Sweet and Sour Bamboo Shoots 爽口西芹 Crispy Celery 四宝烤夫

Preserved Bean Curd with Peanuts and Fungus 松仁香菇

Black Mushroom with Pine Nuts 稣鲫鱼 Crispy Crucian 蒜茸海带丝

Sliced Kelp in Garlic Sauce 跳水木耳

Black Fungus and Pickled Capsicum 铁板酱鲜鱿

Pan Fried Fresh Squid in Soy Sauce 拌海螺

Marinated Whelk with Cucumber 五彩酱鹅肝

Braised Goose Liver with Wintermelon

五香牛肉 Spiced Beef 五香熏干

Smoked Bean Curd 五香熏鱼 Smoked Fish 五香云豆

Spiced Kidney Bean 腌三文鱼

Preserved Marinated Salmon 盐焗鸡

Salt Baked Chicken 盐水虾肉

Poached Salted Shrimps 糟香鹅掌

Braised Goose Webs in Rice Wine Sauce 酿黄瓜条

Stuffed Cucumber Strips 米醋海蜇

Jelly Fish with Vinegar Sauce 卤猪舌

Pig’s Tongue in Spiced Soy Sauce

三色中卷

Squid Rolls with Stuffed Bean, Ham and Yolk 蛋衣河鳗

Egg Rolls Stuffed with Eel 盐水鹅肉

Goose Slices Simmered in Spicy Salted Sauce 冰心苦瓜

Translucence Balsam Pear(Bitter Gourd)Salad 五味九孔

Live Abalone in Aromatic Spicy Sauce 明虾荔枝沙拉

Shrimps and Lichee Salad 五味牛健

Beet in Aromatic Spicy Sauce 拌八爪鱼

Shredded Cuttle Fish / Spiced Cuttle Fish 鸡脚冻

Chicken Fingers Jelly 香葱酥鱼

Crucian Carp in Scallion Oil 蒜汁鹅胗

Cold Goose Gizzard in Garlic Sauce

黄花素鸡

Mock Chicken with Day Lily 姜汁鲜鱿

Fresh Squid with Ginger Sauce 桂花糯米藕

Lotus Root Stuffed with Steamed Sticky Rice 卤鸭冷切

Cold Duck in Spiced Soy Sauce 松田青豆

Songtian Green Bean 色拉九孔 Abalone Salad 凉拌花螺

Cold Sea Snail with Tasty Flavour 素鸭

Vegetarian Duck 酱鸭 Roast Duck 麻辣牛筋

Spicy Jellied Beef 醉鸡

Drunken Chicken

苏式凤尾鱼

Anchovies, Su-Zhou Style 皮蛋豆腐

Preserved Eggs & Bean Curd 素鸡

Vegetarian Chicken 凤爪

Chicken Feet 凉拌海带

Tossed Kelp in Sauce 凉拌黄瓜

Tossed Cucumber in Sauce 豆豉牛百页

Ox Tripe in Black Bean Sauce 凉拌牛百页 meat 肉

beef 牛肉

pork 猪肉

chicken 鸡肉

mutton 羊肉

bread 面包

steamed bread 馒头

rice noodles 米粉

fried rice noodles 河粉

steamed vermicelli roll 肠粉

macaroni 通心粉

bean thread 冬粉

bean curd with odor 臭豆腐

flour-rice noodle 面粉

noodles 面条

instinct noodles 速食面

vegetable 蔬菜

crust 面包皮

sandwich 三明治

toast 土司

hamburger 汉堡

cake 蛋糕

spring roll 春卷

pancake 煎饼

fried dumpling 煎贴

rice glue ball 元宵

glue pudding 汤圆

millet congee 小米粥

cereal 麦片粥

steamed dumpling 蒸饺

ravioli 馄饨

nbsp;cake 月饼

green bean cake 绿豆糕

popcorn 爆米花

chocolate 巧克力

marrons glaces 唐炒栗子

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第二篇：中文菜单英文译法-译语国际

中文菜单英文译法-译语国际

白菜心拌蜇头 ：Marinated Jellyfish and Chinese Cabbage in Vinaigrette白灵菇扣鸭掌 ：Mushrooms with Duck Feet

拌豆腐丝 ：Shredded Tofu with Sauce

白切鸡 ：Boiled Chicken with Sauce

拌双耳 ：Tossed Black and White Fungus

冰梅凉瓜 ：Bitter Melon in Plum Sauce

冰镇芥兰 ：Chinese Broccoli with Wasabi

朝鲜辣白菜 ：Korean Cabbage in Chili Sauce

朝鲜泡菜 ：Kimchi

陈皮兔肉 ：Rabbit Meat with Tangerine Flavor

川北凉粉 ：Clear Noodles in Chili Sauce

刺身凉瓜 ：Bitter Melon with Wasabi

豆豉多春鱼 ：Shisamo in Black Bean Sauce

夫妻肺片 ：Pork Lungs in Chili Sauce

干拌牛舌 ：Ox Tongue in Chili Sauce

干拌顺风 ：Pig Ear in Chili Sauce

怪味牛腱 ：Spiced Beef Shank

红心鸭卷 ：Sliced Duck Rolls with Egg Yolk

姜汁皮蛋 ：Preserved Eggs in Ginger Sauce

酱香猪蹄 ：Pig Feet Seasoned with Soy Sauce

酱肘花 ：Sliced Pork in Soy Sauce

金豆芥兰 ：Chinese Broccoli with Soy Beans

韭黄螺片 ：Sliced Sea Whelks with Hotbed Chives

老北京豆酱 ：Traditional Beijing Bean Paste

老醋泡花生 ：Peanuts Pickled in Aged Vinegar

凉拌金针菇 ：Golden Mushrooms and Mixed Vegetables凉拌西芹云耳 ：Celery with White Fungus

卤水大肠 ：Marinated Pork Intestines

卤水豆腐 ：Marinated Tofu

卤水鹅头 ：Marinated Goose Heads

卤水鹅翼 ：Marinated Goose Wings

卤水鹅掌 ：Marinated Goose Feet

卤水鹅胗 ：Marinated Goose Gizzard

卤水鸡蛋 ：Marinated Eggs

卤水金钱肚 ：Marinated Pork Tripe

卤水牛腱 ：Marinated Beef Shank

卤水牛舌 ：Marinated Ox Tongue

卤水拼盘 ：Marinated Meat Combination

卤水鸭肉 ：Marinated Duck Meat

萝卜干毛豆 ：Dried Radish with Green Soybean

麻辣肚丝 ：Shredded Pig Tripe in Chili Sauce

美味牛筋 ：Beef Tendon

蜜汁叉烧 ：Honey-Stewed BBQ Pork

明炉烧鸭 ：Roast Duck

泡菜什锦 ：Assorted Pickles

泡椒凤爪 ：Chicken Feet with Pickled Peppers

皮蛋豆腐 ：Tofu with Preserved Eggs

乳猪拼盘 ：Roast Suckling Pig

珊瑚笋尖 ：Sweet and Sour Bamboo Shoots

爽口西芹 ：Crispy Celery

四宝烤麸 ：Marinated Bran Dough with Peanuts and Black Fungus

松仁香菇 ：Black Mushrooms with Pine Nuts

蒜茸海带丝 ：Sliced Kelp in Garlic Sauce

跳水木耳 ：Black Fungus with Pickled Capsicum

拌海螺 ：Whelks and Cucumber

五彩酱鹅肝 ：Goose Liver with White Gourd

五香牛肉 ：Spicy Roast Beef

五香熏干 ：Spicy Smoked Dried Tofu

五香熏鱼 ：Spicy Smoked Fish

五香云豆 ：Spicy Kidney Beans

腌三文鱼 ：Marinated Salmon

盐焗鸡 ：Baked Chicken in Salt

盐水虾肉 ：Poached Salted Shrimps Without Shell

糟香鹅掌 ：Braised Goose Feet in Rice Wine Sauce

酿黄瓜条 ：Pickled Cucumber Strips

米醋海蜇 ：Jellyfish in Vinegar

卤猪舌 ：Marinated Pig Tongue

三色中卷 ：Squid Rolls Stuffed with Bean, Ham and Egg Yolk

蛋衣河鳗 ：Egg Rolls Stuffed with Eel

盐水鹅肉 ：Goose Slices in Salted Spicy Sauce

冰心苦瓜 ：Bitter Melon Salad

五味九孔 ：Fresh Abalone in Spicy Sauce

明虾荔枝沙拉 ：Shrimps and Litchi Salad

五味牛腱 ：Spicy Beef Shank

拌八爪鱼 ：Spicy Cuttlefish

鸡脚冻 ：Chicken Feet Galantine

香葱酥鱼 ：Crispy Crucian Carp in Scallion Oil

蒜汁鹅胗 ：Goose Gizzard in Garlic Sauce

黄花素鸡 ：Vegetarian Chicken with Day Lily

姜汁鲜鱿 ：Fresh Squid in Ginger Sauce

桂花糯米藕 ：Steamed Lotus Root Stuffed with Sweet Sticky Rice

卤鸭冷切 ：Spicy Marinated Duck

松田青豆 ：Songtian Green Beans

色拉九孔 ：Abalone Salad

凉拌花螺 ：Cold Sea Whelks with Dressing

素鸭 ：Vegetarian Duck

酱鸭 ：Duck Seasoned with Soy Sauce

麻辣牛筋 ：Spicy Beef Tendon

醉鸡 ：Liquor-Soaked Chicken

可乐芸豆 ：French Beans in Coca-Cola

桂花山药 ：Chinese Yam with Osmanthus Sauce

豆豉鲫鱼 ：Crucian Carp with Black Bean Sauce

水晶鱼冻 ：Fish Aspic

酱板鸭 ：Spicy Salted Duck

烧椒皮蛋 ：Preserved Eggs with Chili

酸辣瓜条 ：Cucumber with Hot and Sour Sauce

五香大排 ：Spicy Pork Ribs

三丝木耳 ：Black Fungus with Cucumber and Vermicelle

酸辣蕨根粉 ：Hot and Sour Fern Root Noodles

小黄瓜蘸酱 ：Small Cucumber with Soybean Paste

拌苦菜 ：Mixed Bitter Vegetables

蕨根粉拌蛰头 ：Fern Root Noodles with Jellyfish

老醋黑木耳 ：Black Fungus in Vinegar

清香苦菊 ：Chrysanthemum with Sauce

琥珀核桃 ：Honeyed Walnuts

杭州凤鹅 ：Pickled Goose, Hangzhou Style

香吃茶树菇 ：Spicy Tea Tree Mushrooms

琥珀花生 ：Honeyed Peanuts

葱油鹅肝 ：Goose Liver with Scallion and Chili Oil

拌爽口海苔 ：Sea Moss with Sauce

巧拌海茸 ：Mixed Seaweed

蛋黄凉瓜 ：Bitter Melon with Egg Yolk

龙眼风味肠 ：Sausage Stuffed with Salty Egg

水晶萝卜 ：Sliced Turnip with Sauce

腊八蒜茼蒿 ：Crown Daisy with Sweet Garlic

香辣手撕茄子 ：Eggplant with Chili Oil

酥鲫鱼 ：Crispy Crucian Carp

水晶鸭舌 ：Duck Tongue Aspic

卤水鸭舌 ：Marinated Duck Tongue

香椿鸭胗 ：Duck Gizzard with Chinese Toon

卤水鸭膀 ：Marinated Duck Wings

香糟鸭卷 ：Duck Rolls Marinated in Rice Wine

盐水鸭肝 ：Duck Liver in Salted Spicy Sauce

水晶鹅肝 ：Goose Liver Aspic

豉油乳鸽皇 ：Braised Pigeon with Black Bean Sauce

酥海带 ：Crispy Seaweed

脆虾白菜心 ：Chinese Cabbage with Fried Shrimps

香椿豆腐 ：Tofu with Chinese Toon

拌香椿苗 ：Chinese Toon with Sauce

糖醋白菜墩 ：Sweet and Sour Chinese Cabbage

姜汁蛰皮 ：Jellyfish in Ginger Sauce

韭菜鲜桃仁 ：Fresh Walnuts with Leek

花生太湖银鱼 ：Taihu Silver Fish with Peanuts

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第三篇：常用外交词汇英文译法

Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部 Protocol Department 礼宾司 Information Department 新闻司 diplomatic mission 外交代表机构 embassy 大使馆 legation 公使馆

consulate-general 总领事馆 consulate 领事馆

office of the chargé d'affaires, 代办处 military attaché's office, 武官处

commercial counsellor's office 商务处 press section, information service 新闻处 liaison office 联络处

diplomat 外交家, 外交官 diplomatic rank 外交官衔

diplomatic representative 外交代表

members of the administrative and technical staff 行政技术人员 ambassador 大使

ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary 特命全权大使 nuncio 教廷大使 internuncio 教廷公使

counsellor withthe rank of minister, minister-counsellor 公使衔参赞 chargé d'affaires, 代办

chargé d'affasiread interim, 临时代办 counsellor 参赞

first secretary 一等秘书 second secretary 二等秘书 third secretary 三等秘书 attaché, 随员

commercial secretary 商务参赞 cultural secretary 文化参赞 commercial attaché, 商务专员 cultural attaché, 文化专员 military attaché, 武官 naval attaché, 海军武官 air attaché, 空军武官 consul-general 总领事 consul 领事

doyen of the diplomatic corps, dean of the diplomatic corps 外交使团团长 roving ambassador 巡回大使 ambassador-at-large 无任所大使 special envoy 特使

accredited to...向„派遣的 foreign affairs 外交

memorandum, aidememoire 备忘录 persona non-grat 不受欢迎的人 de jure recognition 法律承认 commnique 公报

announcement 公告, 通告

letter of credence, credentials 国书 mutual recognition 互相承认

establishment of diplomatic relations 建立外交关系

letter of introduction 介绍书 during one's absence 离任期间 identification card 身份证 statement 声明

de facto recognition 事实上承认 persona grata 受欢迎的人 diplomatic practice 外交惯例 diplomatic immunities 外交豁免 diplomatic privileges 外交特权 diplomatic channels 外交途径 diplomatic courier 外交信使

diplomatic bag, diplomatic pouch 外交邮袋 letter of appointment 委任书

certificate of appointment 委任证书 exequatur 许可证书

declaration, manifesto 宣扬 letter of recall 召回公文 note 照会

verbal note 普通照会 circular note 通知照会 formal note 正式照会 normalization 正常化

be appointed ambassador to...被任命为驻„大使

to express regret 表示遗憾

to sever diplomatic relations 断绝外交关系 to resume charge of the office, to return to one's post 返任

to proceed to take up one's post 赴任 to present one's credentials 递交国书 to exchange ambassadors 互派大使 to resume diplomatic relations 恢复外交关系 private visit 私人访问 to establish diplomatic relations at state visit 国事访问 ambassadorial level 建立大使级外交关系 obituary 讣告

questions of common interest;question of to establish consular relations 建立领事关系

to assume one's post 就任 common concern 共同关心的问题 to take exception to;to object to 提出异议 state banquet 国宴

message of greeting, message of to upgrade diplomatic relations 外交关系升格 congratulation 贺电 to make representations to, to take up a(the)speech of welcome 欢迎词 matter with 向„交涉 welcoming banquet 欢迎宴会 to lodge a protest with 向„提出抗议 cocktail party 鸡尾酒会 to request the consent of...征求„的同意 good health and a long life 健康长寿 to suspend diplomatic relations 中断外交关profound condolence 深切哀悼 系 tea party 茶会 cordial hospitality 盛情接待 an atmosphere of cordiality and friendship 诚the two sides, the two parties 双方 挚友好的气氛 luncheon 午宴 reciprocal banquet 答谢宴会 message of condolence 唁电 delegation 代表团 reception 招待会 head of the delegation, leader of the toast 祝酒词 delegation 团长 memorial meeting 追悼会 deputy head of the delegation, deputy leader to convey one's sympathy 表示慰问 of the delegation 副团长 to meet with 会见 member of the delegation 代表团成员 to review the guard of honour 检阅仪仗队 memorial speech 悼词 to exchange views 交换意见 to develop the relations offriendship and to receive 接见 cooperation 发展友好合作关系 to be shocked to learn of 惊悉

be of the opinion, to hold, to consider, to prosperity and strength 繁荣富强

visit 访问 maintain 认为 friendly visit, goodwill visit 友好访问 to propose a toast to...提议为„干杯 informal visit 非正式访问 on the happy occasion of 欣逢 official visit 正式访问 on learning with great joy 欣悉 to give a banquet in honour of...宴请„ on invitation, upon invitation 应邀 at the invitation of...应„邀请

in the company of..., accompanied by...在„陪同下

to express one's sincere congratulations and best wishes 致以衷心的祝贺和最好的愿望 to wish prosperity to a country and well-being to its people 祝（某国）国家繁荣人民幸福 to take note of...注意到

His(Her, Your)Majesty 陛下

His(Her, Your)Royal Highness 殿下 His(Her, Your)Excellency 阁下

His excellency Mr.President and Mme...„总统先生阁下和夫人 to be shocked to learn of 惊悉

be of the opinion, to hold, to consider, to maintain 认为 to propose a toast to...提议为„干杯r on the happy occasion of 欣逢r on learning with great joy 欣悉

to give a banquet in honour of...宴请„r on invitation, upon invitation 应邀 at the invitation of...应„邀请r in the company of..., accompanied by...在„陪同下

to express one's sincere congratulations and best wishes 致以衷心的祝贺和最好的愿望

to wish prosperity to a country and well-being to its people 祝（某国）国家繁荣人民幸福r to take note of...注意到r His(Her, Your)Majesty 陛下 His(Her, Your)Royal Highness 殿下 His(Her, Your)Excellency 阁下

His excellency Mr.President and Mme...„总统先生阁下和夫人

Least developed country(LDC)最不发达国家 Hegemonism 帝国主义 Multilateralism 多边主义 Unilateralism 单边主义 Extradition 引渡 Denuclearization 无核化 Status quo 现状 Normalization of relations 关系正常化 Multipolarity / multipolarization 多极化 International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)国际原子能机构

International Labor Organization(ILO)国际劳工组织 废统（即“国统会”和“国统纲领”）Abolishment of the National Unification Council and the National Unification Guidelines 两会（全国人民代表大会和人民政治协商会议）

National People’s Congress and People’s Political Consultative Conference(NPC & CPPCC)独立自主的和平外交政策

Independent foreign policy of peace 达成一致 To reach a consensus 诉诸武力 To resort to the use of armed forces 求同存异 Seeking common ground while reserving differences 用和平手段解决争端 To solve disputes by peaceful means 通过外交途径进行谈判 To negotiate through diplomatic channels 中国坚持奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜。

China adheres to its independent foreign policy of peace, holding high the banner of peace, development and cooperation.中国积极参与全球和区域合作，在一系列重大国际问题及地区安全和发展问题上发挥了建设性作用。

China actively participates in global and regional cooperation, plays a constructive role in solving a series of major international issues concerning regional security and development.国家不分大小，应该一律平等。

All countries, big or small, should be equal.台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。

Taiwan is an inalienable part of China’s territory.祖国统一是不可阻挡的历史潮流，台湾问题是一定能够解决的。

The reunification of the motherland is an irreversible historical trend.The Taiwan question will surely be resolved.尽管国际社会还面临许多问题，和平和发展的时代潮流不可逆转，各国人民追求美好生活的愿望没有改变。

Despite the numerous problems facing the international community, the historical trend of peace and development cannot be reversed, nor will the people of all countries change their aspiration for a better life.My proposal gives equal weight and attention to the three great purposes of UN: development, security and human rights, all of which must be underpinned by the rule of law.我的建议对联合国的三大目标——发展、安全和人权——予以同样重视和关注，而这三大目标都必须以法治为基础。

I argue in the report, and I am profoundly convinced, that the threats which face us are of equal concern to all.我在报告中主张并深信，人人都同样关切我们面临的种种威胁。

Member states are called upon to establish a Peacebuilding Commission, within the United Nations, to help countries make the transition from war to lasting peace.我们还要求各成员国，在联合国内设立和平委员会，以帮助各国实现从战争到持久和平的过渡。The legitimacy and authority of the Security Council must be regained.我们必须重新恢复联合国安理会的合法性和权威。

第四篇：英语长句的译法

英语长句的译法

对于每一个英语句子的口译, 并不只是使用一种口译方法, 而是多种口译方法的综合运用, 这在英语长句的口译中表现得尤为突出。长句在科技性的文体中的出现极为频繁, 因此也就成为研究生入学考试的重点, 通过对近年来试题的分析我们可以看出, 所考查的绝大多数划线的部分都是长句。在口译长句时, 首先，不要因为句子太长而产生畏惧心理，因为，无论是多么复杂的句子，它都是由一些基本的成分组成的。其次要弄清英语原文的句法结构, 找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思, 然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系, 再按照汉语的特点和表达方式, 正确地译出原文的意思, 不必拘泥于原文的形式。

一、英语长句的分析

一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面:(1)修饰语过多;(2)并列成分多;(3)语言结构层次多。在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:

(1)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。

(2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。

(3)分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。

(4)分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。

(5)注意插入语等其他成分。

(6)注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。

下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析:

例1.behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.分析:(1)该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。

(2)该句共有五个谓语结构, 它们的谓语动词分别为suggest, is raised, are, develop, experience等, 这五个谓语结构之间的关系为: behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构为主句;who is raised in an environment为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为child;where there are many stimuli为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为environment;which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为stimuli;在suggest的宾语从句中, 主语为child, 谓语为experience, 宾语为greater intellectual development.在作了如上的分析之后, 我们就会对该句具有了一个较为透彻的理解, 然后根据我们上面所讲述的各种口译方法, 就可以把该句口译成汉语为:

行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。

例2.for a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.分析:(1)该句的骨干结构为it is more … to do sth than to do sth else.是一个比较结构, 而且是在两个不定式之间进行比较。

(2)该句中共有三个谓语结构, 它们之间的关系为: it is more convenient as well as cheaper to … 为主体结构, 但it是形式主语, 真正的主语为第二个谓语结构: to sit comfortably at home, 并与第三个谓语结构to go out in search of amusement elsewhere作比较。

(3)句首的for a family of four作状语, 表示条件。另外, 还有两个介词短语作插入语: for example, with almost unlimited entertainment available,其中第二个介词短语作伴随状语, 修饰to sit comfortably at home.综合上述口译方法，这个句子我们可以口译为：

譬如, 对于一个四口之家来说, 舒舒服服地在家中看电视, 就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目, 这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。

二、长句的口译

英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念, 而汉语则不同,常常使用若干短句, 作层次分明的叙述。因此, 在进行英译汉时, 要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异, 将英语的长句分解, 口译成汉语的短句。在英语长句的口译过程中, 我们一般采取下列的方法。

(1)顺序法。当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时, 可以按照英语原文的顺序口译成汉语。例如:

例1.even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.分析: 该句子由一个主句, 三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成, 共有五层意思: a.既使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时;b.电仍在为我们工作;c.帮我们开动电冰箱;d.加热水;e.或是室内空调机继续运转。上述五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全一致, 因此, 我们可以通过顺序法, 把该句口译成:

即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作: 帮我们开动电冰箱, 把水加热, 或使室内空调机继续运转。

例2.but now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.分析: 该句的骨干结构为“it is realized that…”, it为形式主语, that引导着主语从句以及并列的it is even possible to …结构, 其中, 不定式作主语, the time …是“expectation of life”的同位语, 进一步解释其含义, 而time后面的句子是它的定语从句。五个谓语结构, 表达了四个层次的意义: a.可是现在人们意识到;b.其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的;c.人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”;d.将这些已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽的时间。根据同位语从句的口译方法, 把第四层意义的表达作适当的调整, 整个句子就口译为:

可是现在人们意识到, 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的, 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”, 也就是说, 经过若干年后, 这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。

下面我们再列举几个实例:

例3.prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.在20世纪以前, 小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点, 因而无法成为具有个性的人;他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。

例4.this method of using “controls” can be applied to a variety of situations, and can be used to find the answer to questions as widely different as “must moisture be present if iron is to rust?” and “which variety of beans gives the greatest yield in one season?”

这种使用参照物的方法可以应用于许多种情况, 也能用来找到很不相同的各种问题的答案, 从“铁生锈, 是否必须有一定的湿度才行?”到“哪种豆类一季的产量最高?”

例5.it begins as a childlike interest in the grand spectacle and exciting event;it grows as a mature interest in the variety and complexity of the drama, the splendid achievements and terrible failures;it ends as deep sense of the mystery of man`s life of all the dead, great and obscure, who once walked the earth, and of wonderful and awful possibilities of being a human being.我们对历史的爱好起源于我们最初仅对一些历史上的宏伟场面和激动人心的事件感到孩童般的兴趣;其后, 这种爱好变得成熟起来, 我们开始对历史这出“戏剧”的多样性和复杂性, 对历史上的辉煌成就和悲壮失败也感兴趣;对历史的爱好, 最终以我们对人类生命的一种深沉的神秘感而告结束。对死去的, 无论是伟大与平凡, 所有在这个地球上走过而已逝的人，都有能取得伟大奇迹或制造可怕事件的潜力。

例6.if parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment , they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.如果做父母的对这种青少年的反应有所准备, 而且认为这是一个显示出孩子正在成长, 正在发展珍贵的观察力和独立的判断力的标志, 他们就不会感到如此伤心, 所以也就不会因对此有愤恨和反对的情绪而把孩子推到对立面去。

(2)逆序法。英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同, 甚至完全相反, 这时必须从原文后面开始口译。例如:

例1.aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.分析: 这个句子由一个主句, 两个原因状语和一个定语从句, “铝直到19世纪才被人发现”是主句, 也是全句的中心内容, 全句共有四个谓语结构, 共有五层意思: a.铝直到19世纪才被人发现;b.由于在自然界找不到游离状态的铝;c.由于它总是跟其他元素结合在一起;d.最普遍的是跟氧结合;e.铝跟氧有很强的亲和力。按照汉语的表达习惯通常因在前, 果在后, 这样, 我们可以逆着原文的顺序把该句口译成:

铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧结合;因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力, 由于这个原因, 在自然界找不到游离状态的铝。所以, 铝直到19世纪才被人发现。

例2.it therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.分析: 该句由一个主句, 一个条件状语从句和一个宾语从句组成, “……变得越来越重要”是主句, 也是全句的中心内容, 全句共有三个谓语结构, 包含三层含义: a.……变的越来越重要;b.如果要使学生充分利用他们的机会;c.得为他们提供大量更为详尽的信息, 作更多的指导。为了使译文符合汉语的表达习惯, 我们也采用逆序法, 口译成:

因此, 如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会, 就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息, 作更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。

下面我们再举几个实例:

例3.it is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning english seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.一旦了解英语的基本结构和句型, 再往下学似乎就越来越难了, 这其中的原因, 也许教师比学生更容易理解。

例4.they(the poor)are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.对于以往几代人来说, 旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫困的手段, 而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动, 因此首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。

例5.a great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the united states the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the beat generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties.50年代后期的美国出现了一个任何人都不可能视而不见的现象, 穷知识分子以“跨掉的一代”这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美国典型的穷人, 正是这个时候大批大学生被赶进了知识分子的贫民窟。

例6.such is a human nature in the west that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.许多人宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位, 这在西方倒是人之常情。

例7.insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world;they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.假如没有那些以昆虫为食的动物保护我们, 昆虫将吞噬我们所有的庄稼, 害死我们的牛羊家畜, 使我们不能生存于世。

(3)分句法。有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切, 口译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯, 把长句的从句或短语化成句子, 分开来叙述,为了使语意连贯, 有时需要适当增加词语。例如:

例1.the number of the young people in the united states who can`t read is incredible about one in four.上句在英语中是一个相对简单的句子, 但是如果我们按照原文的句子结构死译, 就可能被口译成:

没有阅读能力的美国青年人的数目令人难以相信约为1/4。

这样, 就使得译文极为不通顺, 不符合汉语的表达习惯, 因此, 我们应该把它译为:

大约有1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力, 这简直令人难以置信。

例2.television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.分析: 在此长句中, 有一个插入语“it is often said”, 三个并列的谓语结构, 还有一个定语从句, 这三个并列的谓语结构尽管在结构上同属于同一个句子,但都有独立的意义, 因此在口译时, 可以采用分句法, 按照汉语的习惯把整个句子分解成几个独立的分句, 结果为:

人们常说, 通过电视可以了解时事, 掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。

下面我们再举一个例子:

例3.all they have to do is press a button, and they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.他们所必须做的只是按一下开关。开关一开, 就可以看到电视剧、电影、歌剧, 以及其他各种各样的文艺节目。至于政治问题的辩论、最近的激动人心的足球赛更是不在话下。

例4.although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.虽然在某处已经开始的生命中可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的型式, 但是行星的数目如此之多, 以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。

(4)综合法。上面我们讲述了英语长句的逆序法、顺序法和分句法, 事实上,在口译一个英语长句时, 并不只是单纯地使用一种口译方法, 而是要求我们把各种方法综合使用, 这在我们上面所举的例子中也有所体现。尤其是在一些情况下, 一些英语长句单纯采用上述任何一种方法都不方便, 这就需要我们的仔细分析, 或按照时间的先后, 或按照逻辑顺序, 顺逆结合, 主次分明地对全句进行综合处理,以便把英语原文口译成通顺忠实的汉语句子。例如:

例1.people were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.分析: 该句共有三层含义: a: 人们不敢出门;b: 尽管警察已接到命令, 要作好准备以应付紧急情况;c: 警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。在这三层含义中, b表示让步, c表示原因, 而a则表示结果, 按照汉语习惯顺序, 我们作如下的安排:

尽管警察已接到命令, 要作好准备以应付紧急情况, 但人们不敢出门, 因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。

下面我们再举几个例子:

例2.modern scientific and technical books, especially textbooks, requires revision at short intervals if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas, observations and discoveries.对于现代书籍, 特别是教科书来说, 要是作者希望自己书中的内容能与新概念、新观察到的事实和新发现同步发展的话, 那么就应该每隔较短的时间, 将书中的内容重新修改。

例3.taking his cue from ibsen`s a doll`s house, in which the heroine, nora, leaves home because she resents her husband`s treating her like a child, the writer lu xun warned that nora would need money to support herself;she must have economic rights to survive.易卜生的剧作《玩偶之家》中的女主人公娜拉离家出走, 因为她憎恶她的丈夫像对待孩子一样来对待她。作家鲁迅从中得到启示, 从而告诫人们娜拉得需要钱来养活自己, 她要生存就必须有经济上的权利。

例4.up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities.到目前为止, 经历了18和19两个世纪, 这种新的倾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊, 而把生产活动、商业往来、政府部门以及娱乐场所都集中在城市的中心地区。

第五篇：中国人姓名的几种英文译法

中国人姓名的几种英文译法

1.汉语拼音纯音译（多见于大陆人）

毛泽东 ：Maozedong 陈凯歌： chenkaige 张艺谋： Zhangyimou 2.方言音译（多见于民国重要人物）

蒋介石：Chiang Kai-shek 孙中山： Sun Yat-sen 3.方言姓+英文名（多见于香港人）

吴宇森：John Woo 陈可辛：Peter Chan 刘德华：Andy Lau 4.名前姓后（大陆著名艺人）

章子怡： Ziyi zhang 5.姓前名后+韦氏音标（多见于台湾人）

林志玲：Lin Chi-ling 6.谐音混译

宋美龄： Soong may-ling