第一篇：省级机构有关人员职衔规范译法(英语)
省级机构有关人员职衔规范译法（英语）
一、中国共产党山西省委员会
Shanxi Provincial Committee of the CPC
书记 Secretary
副书记 Vice Secretary
常务委员 Member of the Standing Committee
委员 Member
秘书长 Secretary-General
常务副秘书长 Executive Vice Secretary-General
副秘书长 Deputy Secretary-General
二、山西省人民代表大会常务委员会
The Standing Committee of the People’s Congress of Shanxi Province
主任 Chairman
副主任 Vice-Chairman
秘书长 Secretary-General
副秘书长 Deputy Secretary-General
委员 Member
三、省政府及有关部门
山西省人民政府
The People’s Government of Shanxi Province
省长 Governor
常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor
副省长 Vice Governor
秘书长 Secretary-General
常务秘书长 Executive Vice Secretary-General
副秘书长 Vice Secretary-General
厅长（局长、主任）Director-General
副厅长（副局长、副主任）Deputy Director-General
巡视员 Counsel
助理巡视员 Assistant Counsel
处长 Director of Division
副处长 Deputy Director
调研员 Consultant
助理调研员 Assistant Consultant
科长 Section Chief
副科长 Deputy Section Chief
主任科员 Principal Staff Member
副主任科员 Senior Staff Member
科员 Staff Member
办事员 Clerk
四、中国人民政治协商会议山西省委员会
Shanxi Provincial Committee of the CPPCC
主席 Chairman
副主席 Vice Chairman
常务委员 Member of the Standing Committee
委员 Member
秘书长 Secretary-General
副秘书长 Deputy Secretary-General
五、山西省高级人民法院
The Higher People’s Court of Shanxi Province
院长 President
常务副院长 Executive Vice-President
副院长 Vice-President
审判委员会委员 Member of the Judicial Committee
审判员 Judge
助理审判员 Assistant Judge
书记员 Clerk
六、山西省人民检察院 The People’s Procuratorate of Shanxi Province
检察长 Procurator-General
副检察长 Deputy Procurator-General
检察委员会委员 Member of the Procuratorial Committee
检察员 Procurator
助理检察员 Assistant Procurator
书记员 Clerk
山西省政府机构英文译名
山西省政府机构英文译名
师晓华
山西省人民政府：The People’s Government of Shanxi Province
山西省人民政府办公厅： General Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Province
省政府组成部门
省发展计划委员会： Development Planning Commission of Shanxi Province
省经济贸易委员会： Economic and Trade Commission of Shanxi Province
省教育厅：Department of Education of Shanxi Province
省科学技术厅： Department of Science and Technology of Shanxi Province
省公安厅： Department of Public Security of Shanxi Province
省国家安全厅： Department of State Security of Shanxi Province
省监察委员会（省纪检委）：Supervision Commission of Shanxi Province(Shanxi Commission for Discipline Inspection)
省民政厅：Department of Civil Affairs of Shanxi Province
省司法厅：Department of Justice of Shanxi Province
省财政厅：Department of Finance of Shanxi Province
省人事厅：Department of Personnel of Shanxi Province
省劳动和社会保障厅： Department of Labour and Social Security of Shanxi Province
省国土资源厅：Department of Land Resources of Shanxi Province
省建设厅： Department of Construction of Shanxi Province
省交通厅：Department of Communications of Shanxi Province
省水利厅：Department of Water Resources of Shanxi Province
省农业厅：Department of Agriculture of Shanxi Province
省林业厅：Department of Forestry of Shanxi Province
省商务厅：Department of Commerce of Shanxi Province
省文化厅：Department of Culture of Shanxi Province
省卫生厅：Department of Public Health of Shanxi Province
省计划生育委员会：Family Planning Commission of Shanxi Province
省审计厅：Department of Audit of Shanxi Province
省政府工作部门
省地方税务局：Bureau of Local Taxation of Shanxi Province
省环保局： Bureau of Environmental Protection of Shanxi Province
省广播电视局： Administration of Radio and Television of Shanxi Province
省体育局：Administration of Sports of Shanxi Province
省统计局：Statistics Bureau of Shanxi Province
省工商行政管理局：Administration of Industry and Commerce of Shanxi Province
省新闻出版局；Administration of Press and Publication of Shanxi Province
省质量技术监督局：Administration of Quality and Technology Supervision of Shanxi Province
省药品监督管理局：Drug Administration of Shanxi Province
省旅游局：Tourism Administration of Shanxi Province
省民族宗教事务局：Bureau of Ethnic and Religious Affairs of Shanxi Province
省粮食局：Grain Administration of Shanxi Province
省乡镇企业管理局：Township Enterprises Administration of Shanxi Province
省文物局：Cultural Relics Bureau of Shanxi Province
省国防科学技术工业办公室：Office of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense of Shanxi Province
省政府外事办公室：Foreign Affairs Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Province
省政府机关事务管理局：Government Offices Administration of Shanxi Province
省农业机械管理局：Bureau of Agricultural Machinery Administration of Shanxi province
省物价局：Price Control Administration of Shanxi Province
省煤炭工业局：Bureau of Coal Industry of Shanxi Province
省法制办公室：Legislative Affairs Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Province
省政府参事室：Counselor’s Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Province
省监狱管理局：Prison Administrative Bureau of Shanxi Province
省公安厅交通管理局（交警总队）：Traffic Administration of Shanxi Public Security Department(Traffic Police Headquarters)
省地方铁路局：Local Railways Administration of Shanxi Province
省人民防空办公室：Civil Air Defense Office of Shanxi Province
省档案局：Archives Administration of Shanxi Province
省测绘局：Bureau of Surveying and Mapping of Shanxi Province
省公路局：Highway Bureau of Shanxi Province
省机械设备成套局：Machinery & Equipment Complete Sets Bureau of Shanxi Province
省万家寨引黄工程管理局：Administration Bureau of Wanjiazhai Yellow River Diversion Project of Shanxi Province
省地质勘查开发局：Bureau of Geological Surveys and Explorations of Shanxi Province
省煤田地质局：Bureau of Coal Geology of Shanxi Province
省煤炭基本建设局：Bureau of Coal Basic Construction of Shanxi Province
省改革和发展研究中心：Research Center of Reform and Development of Shanxi Province
省招生考试管理中心：Enrolment and Examination Administrative Center of Shanxi Province
省行政学院（省委党校）：School of Administration of Shanxi Proince(Party School of CPC Shanxi Provincial Committee)
山西日报社： Shanxi Daily Agency
省社会科学院： Shanix Academy of Social Sciences
省农业科学院：Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
省社会主义学院：Socialism Institute of Shanxi Province
中央部属单位：
新华社山西分社： Shanxi Xinhua News Agency
财政部驻山西财政监察专员办事处：Shanxi Resident Financial Supervision Office of Ministry of Finance
审计署驻太原特派办：Taiyuan Resident Audit Office of CNAO(China National Audit Office)
中国证监会驻太原特派办：Taiyuan Resident Office of China Securities Regulatory Commission
省通信管理局：Telecommunications Administration of Shanxi Province
省邮政局：Post Bureau of Shanxi Province
省气象局：Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province
省地震局：Seismological Bureau of Shanxi Province
省国税局：Shanxi Provincial Administration of State Bureau
省出入境检验检疫局：Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of Shanxi Province
中国民航山西省管理局：Civil Aviation Administration of China, Shanxi Branch
省煤矿安全监察局：Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau of Shanxi Province
第二篇：我国家机构有关人员职衔规范译法
我国家机构有关人员职衔规范译法（英文）
一、全国人民代表大会常务委员会 STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL PEOPLE’S CONGRESS（NPC）委员长 CHAIRMAN 副委员长 VICE—CHAIRMAN 秘书长 SECRETARY—GENERAL 副秘书长 DEPUTY SECRETARY—GENERAL 委员 MEMBER 全国人民代表大会…委员会
…COMIMITTEE／COMMISSION OF THE NPC 主任委员 CHAIRMAN 副主任委员 VICE—CHAIRMAN 委员 MEMBER
二、中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会 NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE CHINESE PEOPLE’S POLITICAL CON-SULTATIVE CONFERENCE（CPPCC）主席 CHAIRMAN 副主席 VICE—CHAIRMAN 秘书长 SECRETARY—GENERAL 常务委员 MEMBER OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE 政协全国委员会…委员会...COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE CPPCC 主任委员 CHAIRMAN 副主任委员 VICE—CHAIRMAN 委员 MEMBER
三、中华人民共和国 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA（PRC）主席 PRESIDENT 副主席 VICE-PRESIDENT
四、中华人民共和国中央军事委员会 PRC CENTRAL MILITARY COMMISSION（CMC）主席 CHAIRMAN 副主席 VICE—CHAIRMAN 委员 MEMBER
五、最高人民法院 SUPREME PEOPLE’S COUT 院长 PRESIDENT 副院长 VICE—PRESIDENT 审判委员会委员 MEMBER OF THE JUDICIAL COMMITTEE 审判员 JUDGE 助理审判员 ASSISTANT JUDGE 书记员 CLERK
六、最高人民检察院 SUPREME PEOPLE’S PROCURATORATE 检察长 PROCURATOR—GENERAL 副检察长 DEPUTY PROCURATOR—GENERAL 检察委员会委员 MEMBER OF THE PROCURATORIAL COMMITTEE 检察员 PROCURATOR 助理检察员 ASSISTANT PROCURATOR 书记员 CLERK
七、国务院 STATE COUNCIL 总理 PREMIER 副总理 VICE—PREMIER 国务委员 STATE COUNCILLOR 秘书长 SECRETARY—GENERAL 副秘书长 DEPUTY SECRETARY—GENERAL 中华人民共和国…部
MINISTRY OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 部长 MINISTER 副部长 VICE-MINISTER 部长助理 ASSISTANT MINISTER 中华人民共和国国家…委员会
STATE COMMISSION OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 主任 MINISTER 副主任 VICE—MINISTER 国务院…办公室
OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL 主任 DIRECTOR（MINISTER）
副主任 DEPUTY DIRECTOR（VICE—MINISTER）...银行 BANK 行长 GOVERNOR（OF THE CENTRAL BANK）PRESIDENT（OF OTHER BANKS）
副行长 DEPUTY GOVERNOR（OF THE CENTRAL BANK）VICE—PRESIDENT（OF OTHER BANKS）中华人民共和国审计署
AUDITING ADMINISTRATION OF THE PEOPLEIS REPUBLIC OF CHINA 审计长 AUDITOR—GENERAL 副审计长 DEPUTY AUDITOR—GENERAL …局 BUREAU 局长 DIRECTOR—GENERAL 副局长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR—GENERAL 注：如是正部级或副部级局长，可在其职务后加括号注其级别；个别局的局长、副局长，如：专利局局长、副局长可用 COMMISSIONER，DEPUTY COMMISSIONER...署 ADMINISTRATION 署长 ADMINISTRATOR 副署长 DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR 国务院…室 OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL 主任 DIRECTOR（MINISTER）
副主任 DEPUTY DIRECTOR（VICE—MINISTER）...总会 COUNCIL 会长 PRESIDENT 副会长 VICE—PRESIDENT 新华通讯社 XINHUA NEWS AGENCY 社长 DIRECTOR 副社长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR...院 ACADEMY 院长 PRESIDENT 副院长 VICE PRESIDENT …领导小组 LEADING GROUP 组长 HEAD
八、各部（委、办、局）内职务名称 POSITIONS OF DEPARTMENTS，OFFICES，BUREAUX OF MINISTRIES／COMMJSSIONS 办公厅主任 DIRECTOR—GENERAL OF THE GENERAL OFFICE 副主任 DEPUTY DIRECTOR—GENERAL 局长 DIRECTOR—GENERAL OF A BUREAU 副局长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR—GENERAL 厅长 DIRECTOR—GENERAL OF A DEPARTMENT 副厅长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR—GENERAL 司长 DIRECTOR—GENERAL OF A DEPARTMENT 副司长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR—GENERAL 处长 DIRECTOR OF A DIVISION 副处长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR 科长 SECTION CHIEF 副科长 DEPUTY SECTION CHIEF 主任科员 PRINCIPAL STAFF MEMBER 副主任科员 SENIOR STAFF MEMBER 巡视员 COUNSEL 助理巡视员 ASSISTANT COUNSEL 调研员 CONSULTANT 助理调研员 ASSTANT CONSULTANT 科员 STAFF MEMBER 办事员 CLERK
第三篇：我国家机构有关人员职衔规范译法(中英文对照)
我国家机构有关人员职衔规范译法（英文）
一、全国人民代表大会常务委员会 STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL PEOPLE’S CONGRESS（NPC）
委员长 CHAIRMAN 副委员长 VICE—CHAIRMAN 秘书长 SECRETARY—GENERAL 副秘书长 DEPUTY SECRETARY—GENERAL 委员 MEMBER 全国人民代表大会…委员会
…COMIMITTEE／COMMISSION OF THE NPC 主任委员 CHAIRMAN 副主任委员 VICE—CHAIRMAN 委员 MEMBER
二、中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会 NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE CHINESE PEOPLE’S POLITICAL CON-SULTATIVE CONFERENCE（CPPCC）主席 CHAIRMAN 副主席 VICE—CHAIRMAN 秘书长 SECRETARY—GENERAL 常务委员 MEMBER OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE 政协全国委员会…委员会...COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE CPPCC 主任委员 CHAIRMAN 副主任委员 VICE—CHAIRMAN 委员 MEMBER
三、中华人民共和国 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA（PRC）主席 PRESIDENT 副主席 VICE-PRESIDENT
四、中华人民共和国中央军事委员会 PRC CENTRAL MILITARY COMMISSION（CMC）主席 CHAIRMAN 副主席 VICE—CHAIRMAN 委员 MEMBER
五、最高人民法院 SUPREME PEOPLE’S COUT 院长 PRESIDENT 副院长 VICE—PRESIDENT 审判委员会委员 MEMBER OF THE JUDICIAL COMMITTEE 审判员 JUDGE 助理审判员 ASSISTANT JUDGE 书记员 CLERK
六、最高人民检察院 SUPREME PEOPLE’S PROCURATORATE 检察长 PROCURATOR—GENERAL 副检察长 DEPUTY PROCURATOR—GENERAL 检察委员会委员 MEMBER OF THE PROCURATORIAL COMMITTEE 检察员 PROCURATOR 助理检察员 ASSISTANT PROCURATOR 书记员 CLERK
七、国务院 STATE COUNCIL 总理 PREMIER 副总理 VICE—PREMIER 国务委员 STATE COUNCILLOR 秘书长 SECRETARY—GENERAL 副秘书长 DEPUTY SECRETARY—GENERAL 中华人民共和国…部
MINISTRY OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 部长 MINISTER 副部长 VICE-MINISTER 部长助理 ASSISTANT MINISTER 中华人民共和国国家…委员会
STATE COMMISSION OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 主任 MINISTER 副主任 VICE—MINISTER 国务院…办公室
OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL 主任 DIRECTOR（MINISTER）副主任 DEPUTY DIRECTOR（VICE—MINISTER）...银行 BANK 行长 GOVERNOR（OF THE CENTRAL BANK）PRESIDENT（OF OTHER BANKS）
副行长 DEPUTY GOVERNOR（OF THE CENTRAL BANK）VICE—PRESIDENT（OF OTHER BANKS）中华人民共和国审计署
AUDITING ADMINISTRATION OF THE PEOPLEIS REPUBLIC OF CHINA 审计长 AUDITOR—GENERAL 副审计长 DEPUTY AUDITOR—GENERAL …局 BUREAU 局长 DIRECTOR—GENERAL 副局长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR—GENERAL 注：如是正部级或副部级局长，可在其职务后加括号注其级别；个别局的局长、副局长，如：专利局局长、副局长可用 COMMISSIONER，DEPUTY COMMISSIONER...署 ADMINISTRATION 署长 ADMINISTRATOR 副署长 DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR 国务院…室 OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL 主任 DIRECTOR（MINISTER）
副主任 DEPUTY DIRECTOR（VICE—MINISTER）...总会 COUNCIL 会长 PRESIDENT 副会长 VICE—PRESIDENT 新华通讯社 XINHUA NEWS AGENCY 社长 DIRECTOR 副社长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR...院 ACADEMY 院长 PRESIDENT 副院长 VICE PRESIDENT …领导小组 LEADING GROUP 组长 HEAD
八、各部（委、办、局）内职务名称 POSITIONS OF DEPARTMENTS，OFFICES，BUREAUX OF MINISTRIES／COMMJSSIONS 办公厅主任 DIRECTOR—GENERAL OF THE GENERAL OFFICE 副主任 DEPUTY DIRECTOR—GENERAL 局长 DIRECTOR—GENERAL OF A BUREAU 副局长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR—GENERAL 厅长 DIRECTOR—GENERAL OF A DEPARTMENT 副厅长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR—GENERAL 司长 DIRECTOR—GENERAL OF A DEPARTMENT 副司长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR—GENERAL 处长 DIRECTOR OF A DIVISION 副处长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR 科长 SECTION CHIEF 副科长 DEPUTY SECTION CHIEF 主任科员 PRINCIPAL STAFF MEMBER 副主任科员 SENIOR STAFF MEMBER 巡视员 COUNSEL 助理巡视员 ASSISTANT COUNSEL 调研员 CONSULTANT 助理调研员 ASSTANT CONSULTANT 科员 STAFF MEMBER 办事员 CLERK 文教科技有关部门常见职衔与英文翻译
（大学）校长 President/Chancellor（大学）副校长 Vice President（大学）代理校长 Acting President（中学）校长 Principal（小学）校长 Head /Master 学院院长 Dean of College/Head of College 教务长 Dean/Director of Teaching Affairs 总务长 Director in Charge of General Affairs 系主任 Department Chairman /Department Head 教研室主任 Head of the Teaching and Research Section 实验室主任 Laboratory Chief 班主任 Discipline Class Adviser/Head Teacher 教授 Professor 副教授 Associate Professor 客座教授 Visiting Professor/Guest Professor 兼职教授 Part-time Professor 名誉教授 Honorary Professor 终身教授 Lifetime Professor 外籍教授 Foreign Professor 指导教师 Graduate Teacher/Research Supervisor 讲师 Lecturer/Instructor
新加坡政府部门职衔标准华文译名
ATTORNEY-GENERAL’S CHAMBERS 总检察署 Attorney-General 总检察长
Solicitor-General 副总检察长
Quality Service Manager 优质服务经理
LEGISLATION DIVISION 法律草拟司
Parliamentary Counsel 国会法律顾问
Head 司长
Deputy Head 副司长
Senior State Counsel 高级政府律师
Deputy Senior State Counsel 副高级政府律师
State Counsel 政府律师
Legal Executive 法律执行员
LAW REFORM AND REVISION DIVISION 法律改革与修正司
Head 司长
Deputy Head 副司长
State Counsel 政府律师
Senior Legal Executive 高级法律执行员
Legal Executive 法律执行员
CIVIL DIVISION 民事司
Head 司长
Deputy Head 副司长
State Counsel 政府律师
Senior Legal Executive 高级法律执行员
Legal Executive 法律执行员
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DIVISION 国际事务司
Head 司长
Deputy Head 副司长
Deputy Senior State Counsel 副高级政府律师
State Counsel 政府律师
Legal Executive 法律执行员
The Legal Profession(International Services)Secretariat 法律专业（国际服务）秘书处
Deputy Senior State Counsel 副高级政府律师
State Counsel 政府律师
Legal Executive 法律执行员
Corporate Support Officer 行政辅助员
CRIMINAL JUSTICE DIVISION 刑事检控司
Head 司长
Director 处长
Senior State Counsel 高级政府律师
Deputy Senior State Counsel 副高级政府律师
State Counsel/Deputy Public Prosecutor 政府律师/副检察司
Assistant Public Prosecutor 助理检察司
Legal Executive 法律执行员
Criminal Justice Division Registry 刑事检控注册处
Chief Legal Executive 首席法律执行员
Senior Legal Executive 高级法律执行员
Legal/HR Executive 法律/人力资源执行员
AUDITOR-GENERAL’S OFFICE 审计署 Auditor-General 审计总长
Deputy Auditor-General 副审计总长
Assistant Auditor-General 助理审计总长
Quality Service Manager 优质服务经理
Public Relations Officer 公关联络员
ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT 行政部
ADMIN BRANCH 行政组
Assistant Auditor-General(Director, Budgeting for Results)助理审计总长（论绩预算署署长）
Assistant Auditor-General(Director of Personnel 1)助理审计总长（人事署署长 1）
Director(Director of Personnel 2)署长（人事署署长 2）
Finance Officer 财务员
Personnel Officer 人事事务员
Registry Officer 档案员
COMPUTER INFORMATION SYSTEMS BRANCH
Assistant Director 助理署长
Logistics Officer 后勤员
电脑资讯系统组
第四篇：公务员职衔规范译法及国家机关名翻译
职衔职称的英语表达法
广播员，报幕员Announcer
立法机关 LEGISLATURE
中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People’s Republic of China
全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congress
秘书长 Secretary-General
主任委员 Chairman
委员 Member
（地方人大）主任 Chairman, Local People’s Congress
人大代表 Deputy to the People’s Congress
政府机构 GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION
国务院总理 Premier, State Council
国务委员 State Councilor
秘书长 Secretary-General
（国务院各委员会）主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for
（国务院各部）部长 Minister
部长助理 Assistant Minister
司长 Director
局长 Director
省长 Governor
常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor 自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People’s Government
地区专员 Commissioner, prefecture
香港特别行政区行政长官 Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
市长/副市长 Mayor/Vice Mayor
区长 Chief Executive, District Government
县长 Chief Executive, County Government
乡镇长 Chief Executive, Township Government
秘书长 Secretary-General
办公厅主任 Director, General Office
（部委办）主任 Director
处长/副处长 Division Chief/Deputy Division Chief
科长/股长 Section Chief
科员 Clerk/Officer
发言人 Spokesman
顾问 Adviser
参事 Counselor
巡视员 Inspector/Monitor
特派员 Commissioner
外交官衔 DIPLOMATIC RANK
特命全权大使 Ambassador Extraordinary and plenipotentiary
公使 Minister
代办 Charge d’Affaires 临时代办 Charge d’Affaires ad Interim
参赞 Counselor
政务参赞 Political Counselor
商务参赞 Commercial Counselor
经济参赞 Economic Counselor
新闻文化参赞 Press and Cultural Counselor
公使衔参赞 Minister-Counselor
商务专员 Commercial Attaché
经济专员 Economic Attaché
文化专员 Cultural Attaché
商务代表 Trade Representative
一等秘书 First Secretary
武官 Military Attaché
档案秘书 Secretary-Archivist
专员/随员 Attaché
总领事 Consul General
领事 Consul
司法、公证、公安 JUDICIARY,NOTARY AND PUBLIC SECURITY
人民法院院长 President, People’s Courts
人民法庭庭长 Chief Judge, People’s Tribunals
审判长 Chief Judge
审判员 Judge 书记 Clerk of the Court
法医 Legal Medical Expert
法警 Judicial Policeman
人民检察院检察长 Procurator-General, People’s procuratorates
监狱长 Warden
律师 Lawyer
公证员 Notary Public
总警监 Commissioner General
警监 Commissioner
警督 Supervisor
警司 Superintendent
警员 Constable
政党 POLITICAL PARTY
中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee
政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee
政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee
书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee
中央委员 Member, Central Committee
候补委员 Alternate Member
…省委/市委书记 Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC
党组书记 secretary, Party Leadership Group
社会团体 NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION 会长 President
主席 Chairman
名誉顾问 Honorary Adviser
理事长 President
理事 Trustee/Council Member
总干事 Director-General
总监 Director
工商金融 INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL AND BANKING COMMUNITIES
名誉董事长 Honorary Chairman
董事长 Chairman
执行董事 Executive Director
总裁 President
总经理 General Manager;C.E.O(Chief Executive Officer)
经理 Manager
财务主管 Controller
公关部经理 PR Manager
营业部经理 Business Manager
销售部经理 Sales Manager
推销员 Salesman
采购员 Purchaser
导演Director
演员Actor 画师Painter
指挥Conductor
编导Scenarist
录音师Sound Engineer
舞蹈编剧Choreographer
美术师Artist
制片人Producer
剪辑导演Montage Director
配音演员Dubber
摄影师Cameraman
化装师Make-up Artist
舞台监督Stage Manager
售货员Sales Clerk
领班Captain
经纪人Broker
高级经济师Senior Economist
高级会计师Senior Accountant
注册会计师Certified Public Accountant
出纳员Cashier
审计署审计长Auditor-General, Auditing Administration
审计师Senior Auditor
审计员Auditing Clerk 统计师Statistician
统计员Statistical Clerk
厂长factory Managing Director
车间主任Workshop Manager
工段长Section Chief
作业班长Foreman
仓库管理员Storekeeper
教授级高级工程师Professor of Engineering
高级工程师Senior Engineer
技师Technician
建筑师Architect
设计师Designer
机械师Mechanic
化验员Chemical Analyst
质检员Quality Inspector
高级农业师Senior Agronomist
农业师Agronomist
助理农业师Assistant Agronomist
农业技术员Agricultural Technician
中国科学院院长President, Chinese Academy of Sciences
主席团执行主席Executive Chairman
科学院院长President(Academies)学部主任Division Chairman
院士Academician
大学校长President, University
中学校长Principal, Secondary School
小学校长Headmaster, Primary School
学院院长Dean of College
校董事会董事Trustee, Board of Trustees
教务主任Dean of Studies
总务长Dean of General Affairs
注册主管Registrar
系主任Director of Department/Dean of the Faculty
客座教授Visiting Professor
交换教授Exchange Professor
名誉教授Honorary Professor
班主任Class Adviser
特级教师Teacher of Special Grade
研究所所长Director, Research Institute
研究员Professor
副研究员Associate Professor
助理研究员Research Associate
研究实习员Research Assistant
高级实验师Senior Experimentalist 实验师Experimentalist
助理实验师Assistant Experimentalist
实验员Laboratory Technician
教授Professor
副教授Associate Professor
讲师Instructor/Lecturer
助教Assistant
高级讲师Senior Lecturer
讲师Lecturer
助理讲师Assistant Lecturer
教员Teacher
指导教师Instructor
主任医师（讲课）Professor of Medicine
主任医师（医疗）Professor of Treatment
儿科主任医师Professor of Paediatrics
主治医师Doctor-in-charge
外科主治医师Surgeon-in-charge
内科主治医师Physician-in-charge
眼科主治医师Oculist-in-charge
妇科主治医师Gynaecologist-in-charge
牙科主治医师Dentist-in-charge
医师Doctor 医士Assistant Doctor
主任药师Professor of Pharmacy
主管药师Pharmacist-in-charge
药师Pharmacist
药士Assistant Pharmacist
主任护师Professor of Nursing
主管护师Nurse-in-charge
护师Nurse Practitioner
护士Nurse
主任技师Senior Technologist
主管技师Technologist-in-charge
技师Technologist
技士Technician
总编辑Editor-in-chief
高级编辑Full Senior Editor
主任编辑Associate Senior Editor
编辑Editor
助理编辑Assistant Editor
高级记者Full Senior Reporter
主任记者Associate Senior Reporter
记者Reporter
助理记者Assistant Reporter 编审Professor of Editorship
编辑Editor
助理编辑Assistant Editor
技术编辑Technical Editor
技术设计员Technical Designer
校对Proofreader
译审Professor of Translation
翻译Translator/Interpreter
助理翻译Assistant Translator/Interpreter
广播电视RADIO AND TELEVISION
电台/电视台台长Radio/TV Station Controller
播音指导Director of Announcing
主任播音员Chief Announcer
播音员Announcer
电视主持人TV Presenter
电台节目主持人Disk Jockey
省级机构有关人员职衔规范译法（英语）
一、中国共产党山西省委员会
Shanxi Provincial Committee of the CPC
书记 Secretary 副书记 Vice Secretary
常务委员 Member of the Standing Committee
委员 Member
秘书长 Secretary-General
常务副秘书长 Executive Vice Secretary-General
副秘书长 Deputy Secretary-General
二、山西省人民代表大会常务委员会
The Standing Committee of the People’s Congress of Shanxi Province
主任 Chairman
副主任 Vice-Chairman
秘书长 Secretary-General
副秘书长 Deputy Secretary-General
委员 Member
三、省政府及有关部门
山西省人民政府
The People’s Government of Shanxi Province
省长 Governor
常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor
副省长 Vice Governor 秘书长 Secretary-General
常务秘书长 Executive Vice Secretary-General
副秘书长 Vice Secretary-General
厅长（局长、主任）Director-General
副厅长（副局长、副主任）Deputy Director-General
巡视员 Counsel
助理巡视员 Assistant Counsel
处长 Director of Division
副处长 Deputy Director
调研员 Consultant
助理调研员 Assistant Consultant
科长 Section Chief
副科长 Deputy Section Chief
主任科员 Principal Staff Member
副主任科员 Senior Staff Member
科员 Staff Member
办事员 Clerk
四、中国人民政治协商会议山西省委员会
Shanxi Provincial Committee of the CPPCC
主席 Chairman
副主席 Vice Chairman
常务委员 Member of the Standing Committee
委员 Member
秘书长 Secretary-General
副秘书长 Deputy Secretary-General
五、山西省高级人民法院
The Higher People’s Court of Shanxi Province
院长 President
常务副院长 Executive Vice-President
副院长 Vice-President
审判委员会委员 Member of the Judicial Committee
审判员 Judge
助理审判员 Assistant Judge
书记员 Clerk
六、山西省人民检察院
The People’s Procuratorate of Shanxi Province
检察长 Procurator-General
副检察长 Deputy Procurator-General
检察委员会委员 Member of the Procuratorial Committee
检察员 Procurator
助理检察员 Assistant Procurator
书记员 Clerk
山西省政府机构英文译名
山西省政府机构英文译名
师晓华
山西省人民政府：The People’s Government of Shanxi Province
山西省人民政府办公厅： General Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Province
省政府组成部门
省发展计划委员会： Development Planning Commission of Shanxi Province
省经济贸易委员会： Economic and Trade Commission of Shanxi Province
省教育厅：Department of Education of Shanxi Province
省科学技术厅： Department of Science and Technology of Shanxi Province
省公安厅： Department of Public Security of Shanxi Province
省国家安全厅： Department of State Security of Shanxi Province
省监察委员会（省纪检委）：Supervision Commission of Shanxi Province(Shanxi Commission for Discipline Inspection)
省民政厅：Department of Civil Affairs of Shanxi Province
省司法厅：Department of Justice of Shanxi Province 省财政厅：Department of Finance of Shanxi Province
省人事厅：Department of Personnel of Shanxi Province
省劳动和社会保障厅： Department of Labour and Social Security of Shanxi Province
省国土资源厅：Department of Land Resources of Shanxi Province
省建设厅： Department of Construction of Shanxi Province
省交通厅：Department of Communications of Shanxi Province
省水利厅：Department of Water Resources of Shanxi Province
省农业厅：Department of Agriculture of Shanxi Province
省林业厅：Department of Forestry of Shanxi Province
省商务厅：Department of Commerce of Shanxi Province
省文化厅：Department of Culture of Shanxi Province
省卫生厅：Department of Public Health of Shanxi Province
省计划生育委员会：Family Planning Commission of Shanxi Province
省审计厅：Department of Audit of Shanxi Province
省政府工作部门
省地方税务局：Bureau of Local Taxation of Shanxi Province
省环保局： Bureau of Environmental Protection of Shanxi Province
省广播电视局： Administration of Radio and Television of Shanxi Province
省体育局：Administration of Sports of Shanxi Province
省统计局：Statistics Bureau of Shanxi Province 省工商行政管理局：Administration of Industry and Commerce of Shanxi Province
省新闻出版局；Administration of Press and Publication of Shanxi Province
省质量技术监督局：Administration of Quality and Technology Supervision of Shanxi Province
省药品监督管理局：Drug Administration of Shanxi Province
省旅游局：Tourism Administration of Shanxi Province
省民族宗教事务局：Bureau of Ethnic and Religious Affairs of Shanxi Province
省粮食局：Grain Administration of Shanxi Province
省乡镇企业管理局：Township Enterprises Administration of Shanxi Province
省文物局：Cultural Relics Bureau of Shanxi Province
省国防科学技术工业办公室：Office of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense of Shanxi Province
省政府外事办公室：Foreign Affairs Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Province
省政府机关事务管理局：Government Offices Administration of Shanxi Province
省农业机械管理局：Bureau of Agricultural Machinery Administration of Shanxi province
省物价局：Price Control Administration of Shanxi Province
省煤炭工业局：Bureau of Coal Industry of Shanxi Province
省法制办公室：Legislative Affairs Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Province
省政府参事室：Counselor’s Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Province
省监狱管理局：Prison Administrative Bureau of Shanxi Province
省公安厅交通管理局（交警总队）：Traffic Administration of Shanxi Public Security Department(Traffic Police Headquarters)
省地方铁路局：Local Railways Administration of Shanxi Province
省人民防空办公室：Civil Air Defense Office of Shanxi Province 省档案局：Archives Administration of Shanxi Province
省测绘局：Bureau of Surveying and Mapping of Shanxi Province
省公路局：Highway Bureau of Shanxi Province
省机械设备成套局：Machinery & Equipment Complete Sets Bureau of Shanxi Province
省万家寨引黄工程管理局：Administration Bureau of Wanjiazhai Yellow River Diversion Project of Shanxi Province
省地质勘查开发局：Bureau of Geological Surveys and Explorations of Shanxi Province
省煤田地质局：Bureau of Coal Geology of Shanxi Province
省煤炭基本建设局：Bureau of Coal Basic Construction of Shanxi Province
省改革和发展研究中心：Research Center of Reform and Development of Shanxi Province
省招生考试管理中心：Enrolment and Examination Administrative Center of Shanxi Province
省行政学院（省委党校）：School of Administration of Shanxi Proince(Party School of CPC Shanxi Provincial Committee)
山西日报社： Shanxi Daily Agency
省社会科学院： Shanix Academy of Social Sciences
省农业科学院：Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
省社会主义学院：Socialism Institute of Shanxi Province
中央部属单位：
新华社山西分社： Shanxi Xinhua News Agency
财政部驻山西财政监察专员办事处：Shanxi Resident Financial Supervision Office of Ministry of Finance
审计署驻太原特派办：Taiyuan Resident Audit Office of CNAO(China National Audit Office)
中国证监会驻太原特派办：Taiyuan Resident Office of China Securities Regulatory Commission
省通信管理局：Telecommunications Administration of Shanxi Province
省邮政局：Post Bureau of Shanxi Province
省气象局：Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province
省地震局：Seismological Bureau of Shanxi Province
省国税局：Shanxi Provincial Administration of State Bureau
省出入境检验检疫局：Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of Shanxi Province
中国民航山西省管理局：Civil Aviation Administration of China, Shanxi Branch
省煤矿安全监察局：Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau of Shanxi Province
第五篇：英语长句的译法
英语长句的译法
对于每一个英语句子的口译, 并不只是使用一种口译方法, 而是多种口译方法的综合运用, 这在英语长句的口译中表现得尤为突出。长句在科技性的文体中的出现极为频繁, 因此也就成为研究生入学考试的重点, 通过对近年来试题的分析我们可以看出, 所考查的绝大多数划线的部分都是长句。在口译长句时, 首先，不要因为句子太长而产生畏惧心理，因为，无论是多么复杂的句子，它都是由一些基本的成分组成的。其次要弄清英语原文的句法结构, 找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思, 然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系, 再按照汉语的特点和表达方式, 正确地译出原文的意思, 不必拘泥于原文的形式。
一、英语长句的分析
一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面:(1)修饰语过多;(2)并列成分多;(3)语言结构层次多。在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:
(1)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。
(2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。
(3)分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。
(4)分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。
(5)注意插入语等其他成分。
(6)注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。
下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析:
例1.behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.分析:(1)该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。
(2)该句共有五个谓语结构, 它们的谓语动词分别为suggest, is raised, are, develop, experience等, 这五个谓语结构之间的关系为: behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构为主句;who is raised in an environment为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为child;where there are many stimuli为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为environment;which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为stimuli;在suggest的宾语从句中, 主语为child, 谓语为experience, 宾语为greater intellectual development.在作了如上的分析之后, 我们就会对该句具有了一个较为透彻的理解, 然后根据我们上面所讲述的各种口译方法, 就可以把该句口译成汉语为:
行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。
例2.for a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.分析:(1)该句的骨干结构为it is more … to do sth than to do sth else.是一个比较结构, 而且是在两个不定式之间进行比较。
(2)该句中共有三个谓语结构, 它们之间的关系为: it is more convenient as well as cheaper to … 为主体结构, 但it是形式主语, 真正的主语为第二个谓语结构: to sit comfortably at home, 并与第三个谓语结构to go out in search of amusement elsewhere作比较。
(3)句首的for a family of four作状语, 表示条件。另外, 还有两个介词短语作插入语: for example, with almost unlimited entertainment available,其中第二个介词短语作伴随状语, 修饰to sit comfortably at home.综合上述口译方法，这个句子我们可以口译为：
譬如, 对于一个四口之家来说, 舒舒服服地在家中看电视, 就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目, 这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。
二、长句的口译
英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念, 而汉语则不同,常常使用若干短句, 作层次分明的叙述。因此, 在进行英译汉时, 要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异, 将英语的长句分解, 口译成汉语的短句。在英语长句的口译过程中, 我们一般采取下列的方法。
(1)顺序法。当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时, 可以按照英语原文的顺序口译成汉语。例如:
例1.even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.分析: 该句子由一个主句, 三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成, 共有五层意思: a.既使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时;b.电仍在为我们工作;c.帮我们开动电冰箱;d.加热水;e.或是室内空调机继续运转。上述五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全一致, 因此, 我们可以通过顺序法, 把该句口译成:
即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作: 帮我们开动电冰箱, 把水加热, 或使室内空调机继续运转。
例2.but now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.分析: 该句的骨干结构为“it is realized that…”, it为形式主语, that引导着主语从句以及并列的it is even possible to …结构, 其中, 不定式作主语, the time …是“expectation of life”的同位语, 进一步解释其含义, 而time后面的句子是它的定语从句。五个谓语结构, 表达了四个层次的意义: a.可是现在人们意识到;b.其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的;c.人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”;d.将这些已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽的时间。根据同位语从句的口译方法, 把第四层意义的表达作适当的调整, 整个句子就口译为:
可是现在人们意识到, 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的, 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”, 也就是说, 经过若干年后, 这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。
下面我们再列举几个实例:
例3.prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.在20世纪以前, 小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点, 因而无法成为具有个性的人;他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。
例4.this method of using “controls” can be applied to a variety of situations, and can be used to find the answer to questions as widely different as “must moisture be present if iron is to rust?” and “which variety of beans gives the greatest yield in one season?”
这种使用参照物的方法可以应用于许多种情况, 也能用来找到很不相同的各种问题的答案, 从“铁生锈, 是否必须有一定的湿度才行?”到“哪种豆类一季的产量最高?”
例5.it begins as a childlike interest in the grand spectacle and exciting event;it grows as a mature interest in the variety and complexity of the drama, the splendid achievements and terrible failures;it ends as deep sense of the mystery of man`s life of all the dead, great and obscure, who once walked the earth, and of wonderful and awful possibilities of being a human being.我们对历史的爱好起源于我们最初仅对一些历史上的宏伟场面和激动人心的事件感到孩童般的兴趣;其后, 这种爱好变得成熟起来, 我们开始对历史这出“戏剧”的多样性和复杂性, 对历史上的辉煌成就和悲壮失败也感兴趣;对历史的爱好, 最终以我们对人类生命的一种深沉的神秘感而告结束。对死去的, 无论是伟大与平凡, 所有在这个地球上走过而已逝的人，都有能取得伟大奇迹或制造可怕事件的潜力。
例6.if parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment , they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.如果做父母的对这种青少年的反应有所准备, 而且认为这是一个显示出孩子正在成长, 正在发展珍贵的观察力和独立的判断力的标志, 他们就不会感到如此伤心, 所以也就不会因对此有愤恨和反对的情绪而把孩子推到对立面去。
(2)逆序法。英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同, 甚至完全相反, 这时必须从原文后面开始口译。例如:
例1.aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.分析: 这个句子由一个主句, 两个原因状语和一个定语从句, “铝直到19世纪才被人发现”是主句, 也是全句的中心内容, 全句共有四个谓语结构, 共有五层意思: a.铝直到19世纪才被人发现;b.由于在自然界找不到游离状态的铝;c.由于它总是跟其他元素结合在一起;d.最普遍的是跟氧结合;e.铝跟氧有很强的亲和力。按照汉语的表达习惯通常因在前, 果在后, 这样, 我们可以逆着原文的顺序把该句口译成:
铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧结合;因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力, 由于这个原因, 在自然界找不到游离状态的铝。所以, 铝直到19世纪才被人发现。
例2.it therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.分析: 该句由一个主句, 一个条件状语从句和一个宾语从句组成, “……变得越来越重要”是主句, 也是全句的中心内容, 全句共有三个谓语结构, 包含三层含义: a.……变的越来越重要;b.如果要使学生充分利用他们的机会;c.得为他们提供大量更为详尽的信息, 作更多的指导。为了使译文符合汉语的表达习惯, 我们也采用逆序法, 口译成:
因此, 如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会, 就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息, 作更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。
下面我们再举几个实例:
例3.it is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning english seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.一旦了解英语的基本结构和句型, 再往下学似乎就越来越难了, 这其中的原因, 也许教师比学生更容易理解。
例4.they(the poor)are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.对于以往几代人来说, 旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫困的手段, 而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动, 因此首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。
例5.a great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the united states the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the beat generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties.50年代后期的美国出现了一个任何人都不可能视而不见的现象, 穷知识分子以“跨掉的一代”这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美国典型的穷人, 正是这个时候大批大学生被赶进了知识分子的贫民窟。
例6.such is a human nature in the west that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.许多人宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位, 这在西方倒是人之常情。
例7.insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world;they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.假如没有那些以昆虫为食的动物保护我们, 昆虫将吞噬我们所有的庄稼, 害死我们的牛羊家畜, 使我们不能生存于世。
(3)分句法。有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切, 口译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯, 把长句的从句或短语化成句子, 分开来叙述,为了使语意连贯, 有时需要适当增加词语。例如:
例1.the number of the young people in the united states who can`t read is incredible about one in four.上句在英语中是一个相对简单的句子, 但是如果我们按照原文的句子结构死译, 就可能被口译成:
没有阅读能力的美国青年人的数目令人难以相信约为1/4。
这样, 就使得译文极为不通顺, 不符合汉语的表达习惯, 因此, 我们应该把它译为:
大约有1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力, 这简直令人难以置信。
例2.television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.分析: 在此长句中, 有一个插入语“it is often said”, 三个并列的谓语结构, 还有一个定语从句, 这三个并列的谓语结构尽管在结构上同属于同一个句子,但都有独立的意义, 因此在口译时, 可以采用分句法, 按照汉语的习惯把整个句子分解成几个独立的分句, 结果为:
人们常说, 通过电视可以了解时事, 掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。
下面我们再举一个例子:
例3.all they have to do is press a button, and they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.他们所必须做的只是按一下开关。开关一开, 就可以看到电视剧、电影、歌剧, 以及其他各种各样的文艺节目。至于政治问题的辩论、最近的激动人心的足球赛更是不在话下。
例4.although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.虽然在某处已经开始的生命中可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的型式, 但是行星的数目如此之多, 以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。
(4)综合法。上面我们讲述了英语长句的逆序法、顺序法和分句法, 事实上,在口译一个英语长句时, 并不只是单纯地使用一种口译方法, 而是要求我们把各种方法综合使用, 这在我们上面所举的例子中也有所体现。尤其是在一些情况下, 一些英语长句单纯采用上述任何一种方法都不方便, 这就需要我们的仔细分析, 或按照时间的先后, 或按照逻辑顺序, 顺逆结合, 主次分明地对全句进行综合处理,以便把英语原文口译成通顺忠实的汉语句子。例如:
例1.people were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.分析: 该句共有三层含义: a: 人们不敢出门;b: 尽管警察已接到命令, 要作好准备以应付紧急情况;c: 警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。在这三层含义中, b表示让步, c表示原因, 而a则表示结果, 按照汉语习惯顺序, 我们作如下的安排:
尽管警察已接到命令, 要作好准备以应付紧急情况, 但人们不敢出门, 因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。
下面我们再举几个例子:
例2.modern scientific and technical books, especially textbooks, requires revision at short intervals if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas, observations and discoveries.对于现代书籍, 特别是教科书来说, 要是作者希望自己书中的内容能与新概念、新观察到的事实和新发现同步发展的话, 那么就应该每隔较短的时间, 将书中的内容重新修改。
例3.taking his cue from ibsen`s a doll`s house, in which the heroine, nora, leaves home because she resents her husband`s treating her like a child, the writer lu xun warned that nora would need money to support herself;she must have economic rights to survive.易卜生的剧作《玩偶之家》中的女主人公娜拉离家出走, 因为她憎恶她的丈夫像对待孩子一样来对待她。作家鲁迅从中得到启示, 从而告诫人们娜拉得需要钱来养活自己, 她要生存就必须有经济上的权利。
例4.up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities.到目前为止, 经历了18和19两个世纪, 这种新的倾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊, 而把生产活动、商业往来、政府部门以及娱乐场所都集中在城市的中心地区。
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